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Snicker's Gap Turnpike
The Snicker's Gap Turnpike was a turnpike road in the northern part of the U.S. state of Virginia. Part of it is now maintained as State Route 7, a primary state highway, but the road between Aldie and Bluemont (formerly Snickerville) in Loudoun County, via Mountville, Philomont, and Airmont, is a rural Virginia Byway known as Snickersville Turnpike (State Route 734), and includes the about 180-year-old Hibbs Bridge over Beaverdam Creek (a tributary of Goose Creek). This turnpike replaced, in part, the first toll road in the United States, which consisted of two roads from Alexandria northwest into the Shenandoah Mountains.
==History==
In the late 18th century, there were two roads over the Shenandoah Mountains between Alexandria and Winchester, crossing the Shenandoahs at Snickers Gap (now along State Route 7) and Keyes Gap (State Route 9).〔Thomas Jefferys, 1776, , drawn by Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson in 1775, London: Sayer and Bennett〕 The Virginia General Assembly, in 1785, passed a law appointing nine commissioners (a non-profit turnpike trust) and instructing them "to erect, or cause to be set up and erected, one or more gates or turnpikes across the roads, or any of them, leading into the town of Alexandria from Snigger's () and Vesta's () Gaps". This was not the first law authorizing a toll road in the United States, but was the first recorded turnpike in operation, opening by the end of 1786. Thomas Jefferson, who was at least a moral backer of the enterprise, pronounced it a success. A 1793 for sale advertisement referred to one of the two roads as "the Turnpike Road, down which all the wheat, from an extensive and fertile Country, intended for the Alexandria Market, is conveyed".〔Alice Morse Earle, (Stage-coach and Tavern Days ), 1900, p. 232〕〔J. R. Dolan, The Yankee Peddlers of Early America, 1964, p. 41〕〔Frederic James Wood, (The Turnpikes of New England and Evolution of the Same Through England, Virginia, and Maryland ), 1919, pp. 7-8〕
However, the lack of maintenance caused by low tolls led to the wearing out of the southern route. The Little River Turnpike, a private corporation chartered in 1802, realigned and improved the portion between Alexandria and Aldie.〔 A similar charter for the northern route east of Leesburg was assigned to the Leesburg Turnpike in 1809, and in 1810 the Snicker's Gap Turnpike Company obtained a charter for the road from Aldie northwest over Snickers Gap and beyond to the Shenandoah River at Snicker's Ferry.〔Steve Twomey, A Bridge to the Past, for the Asking, The Washington Post, September 24, 1992, p. B1〕 (The Berryville Turnpike later improved the road beyond the Shenandoah to Winchester.) When completed, the turnpike had three toll gates over a distance of about 17.5 miles (28 km).〔(Thirty-Sixth Annual Report of the Board of Public Works to the General Assembly of Virginia ), 1851, p. 95〕
The turnpike company continued to operate - at least over the gap - as late as 1915,〔Snickersville Turnpike Association, (The Byway ), accessed July 6, 2007〕 and the road later became part of the state highway system - State Route 7 over the Shenandoah Mountains west of Bluemont, and secondary State Route 734 between Bluemont and Aldie. The state had plans to transfer SR 734 to the primary system as part of State Route 234, renumbering the short State Route 245 spurring off SR 7 at Bluemont as a portion of SR 234 in the 1940 renumbering,〔, p. 15〕 but instead transferred this short stub (Clayton Hall Road) to the secondary system in 1943 due to low traffic.〔, p. 23〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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